Religious Liberty, Parental Rights, and the Challenges Posed by the Transgender Movement
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In Troxel v. Granville, a plurality of the Supreme Court described parental rights as “perhaps the oldest of the fundamental liberty interests” and identified the law’s traditional presumption that the “natural bonds of affection lead parents to act in the best interests of their children.”
New gender identity policies in a wide variety of settings (public schools, counseling, custody, foster care, adoption, and health care) may challenge that traditional presumption. State and federal policies promote psycho-social, hormonal, and surgical procedures to treat children who experience discomfort with their biological sex. Government entities sometimes carry out these policies without parental notification or consent.
Parents who hold diverse religious beliefs are challenging (a) gender ideology in public school curricula; (b) secret social transitions in public schools; (c) state counseling bans; (d) denials of parental custody, foster care, and adoption; and (e) pressures toward pediatric gender transition in the healthcare context. Courts are thus facing difficult questions about who decides what is best for children—parents or the state?
The Federalist Society’s Religious Liberties Practice Group will host a breakout panel addressing these questions and more at this year’s National Lawyers Convention. Please join us in person or via livestream on Thursday, November 14, at 3:30pm.
Senior Counsel, Vice President of Advocacy Strategy, Alliance Defending Freedom
Emilie Kao serves as senior counsel and vice president of advocacy strategy for Alliance Defending Freedom, where she is a member of the U.S. Legal Team. In this role, she supports ADF’s legal and legislative objectives through culture shaping initiatives.
Before joining ADF, Kao served as director of the DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society at the Heritage Foundation. She led a team of experts who provided strategy, research, and policy recommendations on life, marriage, and religious freedom consistent with Constitutional principles. She convened coalitions of strategic partners to support the protection of religious freedom and launched the Promise to America’s Children, a movement dedicated to the protection of children and parental rights.
Kao also served as senior legal counsel at an international human rights law firm, East Asia team leader in the U.S. Department of State’s Office of International Human Rights, and director of international advocacy at the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty. She was an adjunct professor at Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University and is co-editor of the “First Principles on International Human Rights” essay series.
She has testified before the U.S. Congress and spoken at the United Nations in Geneva and New York. She has been interviewed and quoted extensively in the media, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, CNN, C-SPAN, and 60 Minutes+.
Kao earned her A.B. cum laude from Harvard University and her J.D. from Harvard Law School. She is a member of the state bars of California and the District of Columbia and is admitted to practice in the U.S. Supreme Court. She speaks Mandarin Chinese.