Director, Rule of Law and Governance Program, Arizona State University, Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law
Julia Fromholz serves as director of the rule of law and governance program at Arizona State University Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, based at the McCain Institute in Washington. Before joining ASU Law, Fromholz worked at the U.S. Department of State, in both Pakistan and Washington. She spent two years as the Senior Director, Rule of Law at the U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, and in Washington advised the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights on a range of issues, including mass atrocity prevention and human trafficking.
Prior to joining the State Department, Ms. Fromholz worked at Human Rights First’s Washington office, where she directed the Crimes Against Humanity program and worked with the Human Rights Defenders program. Ms. Fromholz had previously lived in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, where she worked with local human rights organizations, focusing on monitoring and reform of the criminal justice system. Ms. Fromholz clerked for Judge William Fletcher on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and practiced law at Keker & Van Nest in San Francisco; before going to law school, she worked at the Boston Consulting Group. Ms. Fromholz graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College, where she was captain of the softball team and wrote her senior thesis on California water policy. She earned her JD from the University of California, Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall), where she served as editor in chief of the California Law Review. She speaks French and was a French-American Foundation Young Leader in 2011 and 2012.
U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit
Judge Williams practiced law in New York City (at the firm of Debevoise Plimpton and as an Assistant U.S. Attorney) and then taught law at the University of Colorado Law School from 1969 to 1986, with visiting years at UCLA, SMU, and the University of Chicago (where he was also a fellow in law and economics). He was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in 1986. His most recent book is a biography of Vasily Maklakov, The Reformer: How One Liberal Fought to Preempt the Russian Revolution (Encounter Books, 2017).
Robert M. Kimmitt is Senior International Counsel at the law firm of WilmerHale.
Both in government and the private sector, Ambassador Kimmitt has held a wide variety of senior positions at the intersection of international business, finance, law, and policy. From 2005-2009, he served as Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, where he had significant responsibility for the Department’s international agenda, including his leadership role on the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) and as lead U.S. negotiator for the International Compact with Iraq.
Earlier, he was American Ambassador to Germany from 1991-1993; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 1989-1991; and General Counsel to the U.S. Treasury from 1985-1987. He also served in the Reagan White House as National Security Council Executive Secretary and General Counsel from 1983-1985, with the rank of Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.
In addition to his government service, Ambassador Kimmitt served as Executive Vice President, Global Public Policy, at Time Warner from 2001-2005. Prior to that, he was Vice Chairman and President of Commerce One, a Silicon Valley software company. He was a partner at Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering from 1997-2000, a managing director of Lehman Brothers from 1993-1997, and a partner in the law firm of Sidley & Austin from 1987-1989.
Ambassador Kimmitt graduated with distinction from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1969. He served in combat with the 173rd Airborne Brigade in Vietnam from 1970-1971, earning three Bronze Star Medals, the Purple Heart, the Air Medal, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. He retired as a Major General in the Army Reserve. During 1997 Mr. Kimmitt was a member of the National Defense Panel, and from 1998-2005 he was a member of the Director of Central Intelligence’s National Security Advisory Panel. He also served as a member of the Panel of Arbitrators of the World Bank’s International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes.
Ambassador Kimmitt received his law degree from Georgetown University in 1977, where he was Editor in Chief of Law & Policy in International Business. From 1977-1978, he served as law clerk to Judge Edward A. Tamm of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree by Marymount University in 2009; the Distinguished Graduate Award from West Point in 2010; and the Outstanding Alumnus Award of the U.S. Army War College in 2015.
Ambassador Kimmitt is Chairman of the American Council on Germany; a member of the Supervisory Board of Lufthansa AG; a member of the International Advisory Boards of Allianz SE and The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation; a member of the Global Advisory Board of Tokai Tokyo Financial Holdings; a board member of USA Rugby, the Atlantic Council, and the Arthur F. Burns Fellowship; and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Trilateral Commission, and the American Academy of Diplomacy. His foreign language is German.
Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress Action Fund
Alan Makovsky is a Senior Fellow on the National Security and International Policy team at American Progress. From 2001 to 2013, he served as a senior professional staff member on the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he covered the Middle East, Turkey, and other related issues.
At the Washington Institute for Near East Policy—a private think tank where he worked from 1994 to 2001—Mr. Makovsky wrote widely on various Middle Eastern and Turkish topics. He also founded and directed the Washington Institute’s Turkey Research Program.
At the State Department where he worked from 1983 to 1994—Mr. Makovsky variously covered southern European affairs and Middle Eastern affairs for the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He also served as the political advisor to Operation Provide Comfort in 1992 and as the special advisor to the special Middle East coordinator from 1993 to 1994.
Director of National Security, Bipartisan Policy Center
Blaise Misztal is the director of BPC’s national security program. He previously served as the project’s associate director and senior policy analyst. At BPC, Misztal has researched a variety national security issues, including Iran and its nuclear program, Turkey, cybersecurity, stabilizing fragile states, and public diplomacy in the 21st century. He has testified before Congress and published op-eds in The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Weekly Standard, The New Republic, and Roll Call. In addition, Mr. Misztal wrote and directed the 2009 “Cyber ShockWave” simulation that aired on CNN.
Prior to joining BPC, Mr. Misztal spent a year as a Nuffield Fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford University. He was selected as a future leader by the Foreign Policy Initiative in 2010 and named as a national security fellow by the Foundation for Defense of Democracies in 2011.
Mr. Misztal is currently completing his Ph.D. in political science at Yale University, where his research focuses on the relationship between democracy, liberalism, and social stability. He holds an M.Phil. in political science from Yale and an A.B. with honors from the University of Chicago.
Director, Rule of Law and Governance Program, Arizona State University, Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law
Julia Fromholz serves as director of the rule of law and governance program at Arizona State University Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, based at the McCain Institute in Washington. Before joining ASU Law, Fromholz worked at the U.S. Department of State, in both Pakistan and Washington. She spent two years as the Senior Director, Rule of Law at the U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, and in Washington advised the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights on a range of issues, including mass atrocity prevention and human trafficking.
Prior to joining the State Department, Ms. Fromholz worked at Human Rights First’s Washington office, where she directed the Crimes Against Humanity program and worked with the Human Rights Defenders program. Ms. Fromholz had previously lived in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, where she worked with local human rights organizations, focusing on monitoring and reform of the criminal justice system. Ms. Fromholz clerked for Judge William Fletcher on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and practiced law at Keker & Van Nest in San Francisco; before going to law school, she worked at the Boston Consulting Group. Ms. Fromholz graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College, where she was captain of the softball team and wrote her senior thesis on California water policy. She earned her JD from the University of California, Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall), where she served as editor in chief of the California Law Review. She speaks French and was a French-American Foundation Young Leader in 2011 and 2012.
U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit
Judge Williams practiced law in New York City (at the firm of Debevoise Plimpton and as an Assistant U.S. Attorney) and then taught law at the University of Colorado Law School from 1969 to 1986, with visiting years at UCLA, SMU, and the University of Chicago (where he was also a fellow in law and economics). He was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in 1986. His most recent book is a biography of Vasily Maklakov, The Reformer: How One Liberal Fought to Preempt the Russian Revolution (Encounter Books, 2017).
Robert M. Kimmitt is Senior International Counsel at the law firm of WilmerHale.
Both in government and the private sector, Ambassador Kimmitt has held a wide variety of senior positions at the intersection of international business, finance, law, and policy. From 2005-2009, he served as Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, where he had significant responsibility for the Department’s international agenda, including his leadership role on the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) and as lead U.S. negotiator for the International Compact with Iraq.
Earlier, he was American Ambassador to Germany from 1991-1993; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 1989-1991; and General Counsel to the U.S. Treasury from 1985-1987. He also served in the Reagan White House as National Security Council Executive Secretary and General Counsel from 1983-1985, with the rank of Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.
In addition to his government service, Ambassador Kimmitt served as Executive Vice President, Global Public Policy, at Time Warner from 2001-2005. Prior to that, he was Vice Chairman and President of Commerce One, a Silicon Valley software company. He was a partner at Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering from 1997-2000, a managing director of Lehman Brothers from 1993-1997, and a partner in the law firm of Sidley & Austin from 1987-1989.
Ambassador Kimmitt graduated with distinction from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1969. He served in combat with the 173rd Airborne Brigade in Vietnam from 1970-1971, earning three Bronze Star Medals, the Purple Heart, the Air Medal, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. He retired as a Major General in the Army Reserve. During 1997 Mr. Kimmitt was a member of the National Defense Panel, and from 1998-2005 he was a member of the Director of Central Intelligence’s National Security Advisory Panel. He also served as a member of the Panel of Arbitrators of the World Bank’s International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes.
Ambassador Kimmitt received his law degree from Georgetown University in 1977, where he was Editor in Chief of Law & Policy in International Business. From 1977-1978, he served as law clerk to Judge Edward A. Tamm of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree by Marymount University in 2009; the Distinguished Graduate Award from West Point in 2010; and the Outstanding Alumnus Award of the U.S. Army War College in 2015.
Ambassador Kimmitt is Chairman of the American Council on Germany; a member of the Supervisory Board of Lufthansa AG; a member of the International Advisory Boards of Allianz SE and The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation; a member of the Global Advisory Board of Tokai Tokyo Financial Holdings; a board member of USA Rugby, the Atlantic Council, and the Arthur F. Burns Fellowship; and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Trilateral Commission, and the American Academy of Diplomacy. His foreign language is German.
Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress Action Fund
Alan Makovsky is a Senior Fellow on the National Security and International Policy team at American Progress. From 2001 to 2013, he served as a senior professional staff member on the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he covered the Middle East, Turkey, and other related issues.
At the Washington Institute for Near East Policy—a private think tank where he worked from 1994 to 2001—Mr. Makovsky wrote widely on various Middle Eastern and Turkish topics. He also founded and directed the Washington Institute’s Turkey Research Program.
At the State Department where he worked from 1983 to 1994—Mr. Makovsky variously covered southern European affairs and Middle Eastern affairs for the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He also served as the political advisor to Operation Provide Comfort in 1992 and as the special advisor to the special Middle East coordinator from 1993 to 1994.
Director of National Security, Bipartisan Policy Center
Blaise Misztal is the director of BPC’s national security program. He previously served as the project’s associate director and senior policy analyst. At BPC, Misztal has researched a variety national security issues, including Iran and its nuclear program, Turkey, cybersecurity, stabilizing fragile states, and public diplomacy in the 21st century. He has testified before Congress and published op-eds in The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Weekly Standard, The New Republic, and Roll Call. In addition, Mr. Misztal wrote and directed the 2009 “Cyber ShockWave” simulation that aired on CNN.
Prior to joining BPC, Mr. Misztal spent a year as a Nuffield Fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford University. He was selected as a future leader by the Foreign Policy Initiative in 2010 and named as a national security fellow by the Foundation for Defense of Democracies in 2011.
Mr. Misztal is currently completing his Ph.D. in political science at Yale University, where his research focuses on the relationship between democracy, liberalism, and social stability. He holds an M.Phil. in political science from Yale and an A.B. with honors from the University of Chicago.
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