Harold Paul Green Research Professor of Law, George Washington University School of Law
Robert J. Cottrol joined the law school faculty in 1995 as a visiting professor of law of legal history. Previously, he taught at Rutgers University and Boston College, and had visited at the University of Virginia. As well as specializing in American legal history, Professor Cottrol has also taught torts and criminal law. His writings on law and history have appeared in the Yale Law Journal, Georgetown Law Journal, American Journal of Legal History, Law and Society Review, Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies and American Quarterly, among others.
He is the author of The Afro-Yankees: Providence’s Black Community in the Antebellum Era (selected by Choice as an outstanding academic book for 1983), editor of Gun Control and the Constitution: Sources and Explorations on the Second Amendment (Book of the Month selection by the History Book Club), and From African to Yankee: Narratives of Slavery and Freedom in Antebellum New England (1998). Professor Cottrol’s book Brown v. Board of Education: Caste, Culture and the Constitution (2003) won the Langum Project Prize for Historical Literature in 2003 and was a “Book-of-the-Month” selection of the History Book Club. Most recently, he has authored The Long, Lingering Shadow: Slavery, Race, and Law in the American Hemisphere (2013).
He is currently doing research contrasting the role of law in the development of systems of slavery and racial hierarchy in the United States and Latin America. He has lectured on American law at the Federal Universities of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil and the University of Buenos Aires and La Universidad del Museo Social in Argentina.
Jonathan Goldstein brings decades of experience as an entrepreneur and business owner to his law practice. Mr. Goldstein’s practice focuses on firearms law and election law as well as entrepreneurial business advising.
Mr. Goldstein is an NRA certified pistol instructor and a volunteer attorney for several firearms organizations including the National Rifle Association. He actively lectures on firearms law and firearms safety across Pennsylvania and is a frequent presenter for continuing legal education providers such as CAPE, NACLE and the Pennsylvania Bar Institute.
In May 2011, Mr. Goldstein was awarded the Defender of Justice Award by the National Rifle Association’s Institute of Legislative Action for his “tireless service to the Constitution and with particular emphasis on the protection and furtherance of the Second Amendment.”
Mr. Goldstein served for several years as a non-director member of the NRA board’s Legal Affairs Committee and was a member of the NRA’s 2016 Nominating Committee. In April 2025, he was elected to the NRA’s board and to the board’s Audit Committee. He currently chairs the NRA’s Finance Committee and serves as a member of the NRA’s Legal Affairs Committee as well as a trustee of the NRA’s Civil Rights Defense Fund.
A brief prepared by Mr. Goldstein on behalf of Black Guns Matter was cited favorably by Justice Alito in his Bruen concurrence.
Mr. Goldstein received his undergraduate degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1993. He returned to the University of Pennsylvania for law school, earning his J.D. in 2005.
Mr. Goldstein is admitted to practice law in state and federal courts in Pennsylvania and New Jersey as well as Washington, D.C., several Circuit courts and the United States Supreme Court, where his firm argued a case in the 2023–2024 term.
In September 2025, Mr. Goldstein began teaching a course on Second Amendment law as an adjunct at the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School. He regularly publishes scholarship on the 2nd Amendment:
https://hq.ssrn.com/
In addition to nearly a dozen scholarly articles on 2nd Amendment topics, he is the author of several books:
Essential Questions in Firearms Law: Why the Firearms Laws Are What They Are
https://www.amazon.com/
Pennsylvania Firearms Law: A Complete Overview
https://www.amazon.com/
Pennsylvania Hunting Law: A Complete Overview
https://www.amazon.com/dp/
In addition to practicing law, Mr. Goldstein is an active private equity investor purchasing and turning around small American manufacturing companies. Mr. Goldstein is also a licensed commercial pilot.
Francis Pileggi is the managing partner of the Wilmington office of Lewis Brisbois and is chair of the Directors & Officers Litigation Practice and a member of the Complex Business & Commercial Litigation Practice. His litigation practice emphasizes representation in high-stakes disputes of corporations, stockholders, members of boards of directors, members and managers of LLCs, and those with managerial or ownership interests in other forms of entities. He has extensive experience in matters involving fiduciary duties and corporate governance as well as summary proceedings under the Delaware General Corporation Law in the Delaware Court of Chancery. Francis has also been certified as a mediator.
He has been asked to testify as an expert witness on Delaware Corporate Law and Delaware LLC Law.
One of his law review articles on corporate law has been cited by both the Delaware Supreme Court and the Delaware Court of Chancery. The Delaware Superior Court also cited one of his articles. He has published over 1,000 articles in multiple publications on topics including corporate and commercial law as well as legal ethics and constitutional law. He also often speaks at seminars on those topics.
Francis created and maintains the Delaware Corporate and Commercial Litigation Blog at www.delawarelitigation.com, which was named one of LexisNexis’ Top 25 Business Law Blogs and was selected for inclusion in the ABA Journal’s Blog 100 in 2011 and 2012. In turn, he has been described as “a brand name in Delaware corporate litigation.”
He also has enjoyed success in litigating, in both federal and state appellate courts, groundbreaking Second Amendment cases and related constitutional issues on behalf of civil rights organizations. In 2015 and 2019, he was honored with The Chief Justice William Killen Award for Distinguished Second Amendment Appellate Advocacy.
Francis published a book entitled, American Legal Ethics: A Retrospective from 1997 to 2018 (Outskirts Press, 2018), available on Amazon.com.
Francis has represented townships in Delaware County and Chester County, Pennsylvania, as special counsel on litigation matters. He has also represented a school district in Delaware County and educational and nonprofit institutions in Pennsylvania and elsewhere on corporate governance, litigation, and related issues. He has represented governmental entities and private parties in connection with the Pennsylvania Right to Know Law, and he is the coeditor of a blog that provides commentary and insights on that law.
U.S. Attorney, Middle District of Tennessee, U.S. Department of Justice
Braden Boucek was sworn in on December 24, 2025, as the United States Attorney for the Middle District of Tennessee. Prior to becoming United States Attorney, Mr. Boucek served as the senior vice president of litigation at the Southeastern Legal Foundation having previously served as the vice president of legal affairs at the Beacon Center. Mr. Boucek has extensive experience as a prosecutor, starting his career at the Tennessee Attorney General’s Office before serving for two years as an Assistant District Attorney General in Williamson County. He was a federal prosecutor for ten years, first serving as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Western District of Tennessee from 2005 to 2011. From 2011 to 2015, Mr. Boucek was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Middle District of Tennessee, the district he now leads as the United States Attorney.
Managing Partner - Washington, D.C., Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP
Jane Luxton is the Managing Partner of Lewis Brisbois’ Washington, D.C. office, co-chair of the Government Investigations & White Collar Defense Practice, co-chair of the Government Relations Group Leadership, co-chair of the Environmental and Administrative Law Practice, and vice-chair of the Consumer Financial Services Practice. Jane has extensive experience in environmental as well as other federal regulatory, policy, and litigation matters. She advises businesses, associations, and coalitions in navigating all levels of the federal regulatory process, including appellate advocacy.
Recent matters include:
Jane’s knowledge of environmental and administrative law gained key insights from her experience serving in several prominent positions in the U.S. government. From 2007-2009, she served as general counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, advising the Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere on legal and policy issues related to natural resource damages, coastal zone and fisheries management, endangered species and marine mammal protection, and weather and climate change science. In this role, in which she held a top secret/SCI security clearance, Jane was appointed by the President to head the U.S. delegation to the 2008 Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. She also received the U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award in 2008 and 2009.
Jane’s experience includes “first chair” prosecution of antitrust and other criminal cases at the U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Attorneys office, Eastern District of Virginia. In private practice, Jane has represented clients in grand jury and other government investigations.
U.S. Attorney, Middle District of Tennessee, U.S. Department of Justice
Braden Boucek was sworn in on December 24, 2025, as the United States Attorney for the Middle District of Tennessee. Prior to becoming United States Attorney, Mr. Boucek served as the senior vice president of litigation at the Southeastern Legal Foundation having previously served as the vice president of legal affairs at the Beacon Center. Mr. Boucek has extensive experience as a prosecutor, starting his career at the Tennessee Attorney General’s Office before serving for two years as an Assistant District Attorney General in Williamson County. He was a federal prosecutor for ten years, first serving as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Western District of Tennessee from 2005 to 2011. From 2011 to 2015, Mr. Boucek was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Middle District of Tennessee, the district he now leads as the United States Attorney.
Managing Partner - Washington, D.C., Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP
Jane Luxton is the Managing Partner of Lewis Brisbois’ Washington, D.C. office, co-chair of the Government Investigations & White Collar Defense Practice, co-chair of the Government Relations Group Leadership, co-chair of the Environmental and Administrative Law Practice, and vice-chair of the Consumer Financial Services Practice. Jane has extensive experience in environmental as well as other federal regulatory, policy, and litigation matters. She advises businesses, associations, and coalitions in navigating all levels of the federal regulatory process, including appellate advocacy.
Recent matters include:
Jane’s knowledge of environmental and administrative law gained key insights from her experience serving in several prominent positions in the U.S. government. From 2007-2009, she served as general counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, advising the Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere on legal and policy issues related to natural resource damages, coastal zone and fisheries management, endangered species and marine mammal protection, and weather and climate change science. In this role, in which she held a top secret/SCI security clearance, Jane was appointed by the President to head the U.S. delegation to the 2008 Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. She also received the U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award in 2008 and 2009.
Jane’s experience includes “first chair” prosecution of antitrust and other criminal cases at the U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Attorneys office, Eastern District of Virginia. In private practice, Jane has represented clients in grand jury and other government investigations.
Managing Partner - Washington, D.C., Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP
Jane Luxton is the Managing Partner of Lewis Brisbois’ Washington, D.C. office, co-chair of the Government Investigations & White Collar Defense Practice, co-chair of the Government Relations Group Leadership, co-chair of the Environmental and Administrative Law Practice, and vice-chair of the Consumer Financial Services Practice. Jane has extensive experience in environmental as well as other federal regulatory, policy, and litigation matters. She advises businesses, associations, and coalitions in navigating all levels of the federal regulatory process, including appellate advocacy.
Recent matters include:
Jane’s knowledge of environmental and administrative law gained key insights from her experience serving in several prominent positions in the U.S. government. From 2007-2009, she served as general counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, advising the Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere on legal and policy issues related to natural resource damages, coastal zone and fisheries management, endangered species and marine mammal protection, and weather and climate change science. In this role, in which she held a top secret/SCI security clearance, Jane was appointed by the President to head the U.S. delegation to the 2008 Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. She also received the U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award in 2008 and 2009.
Jane’s experience includes “first chair” prosecution of antitrust and other criminal cases at the U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Attorneys office, Eastern District of Virginia. In private practice, Jane has represented clients in grand jury and other government investigations.
Of Counsel, Covington & Burling LLP
The Honorable Paul J. Ray is currently Of Counsel at Covington & Burling LLP where he advises clients on regulatory opportunities and challenges and helps them formulate and execute advocacy strategies for their regulatory policy priorities before the executive branch and Congress.
During the first Trump Administration, Paul held various senior positions at the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) within the White House’s Office of Management and Budget, including as acting, and then Senate-confirmed, head of the office. As OIRA Administrator (the "regulations czar"), Paul supervised the review of hundreds of regulations from across the government, drafted numerous executive orders governing the regulatory process, and led the Administration’s regulatory reform effort. As a result of this experience, Paul is well-positioned to help clients understand and achieve regulatory policy priorities in the context of the government’s regulatory agenda and ongoing reform efforts.
Most recently, Paul was also the Director of the Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. In that role, he supervised the formulation of the Foundation’s economic and regulatory policy recommendations and provided technical assistance to congressional committees and staff regarding legislative changes to the regulatory process. In addition to his role at The Heritage Foundation, Paul also served as a Senior Advisor at a strategic advisory firm. Before his time in government, Paul practiced law at a law firm in Washington, specializing in administrative law matters.
Prior to his role at the White House, Paul was Counselor to the Secretary at the U.S. Department of Labor. There he led departmental efforts in high-profile rulemakings and helped formulate the Department’s legal positions and strategy.
Paul served as a law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito and as a law clerk to the Honorable Debra Livingston of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Paul is a thought leader in the conservative legal movement and is a frequent commentator and speaker on regulatory policy and reform matters, including at law schools, professional gatherings, and other venues. He is the Chairman of Innovations in Peacebuilding International and the Regulatory Process Working Group of the Federalist Society’s Regulatory Transparency Project and a public member of the Administrative Conference of the United States. Paul is also an adjunct lecturer at the Hillsdale College School of Government.
Opinion Columnist, FTC:WATCH
Neil Averitt is a lawyer, editor, and writer.
He was born in Washington, D.C., and later attended Dartmouth College, Harvard College, the London School of Economics, and Harvard Law School, where he was Note Editor on the Law Review.
For most of his professional career he practiced law at the Federal Trade Commission, helping to formulate policy on both antitrust and consumer protection issues. He has worked as advisor to one of the Commissioners, assistant to the Chairman, and as acting head of the antitrust planning staff. He has written numerous articles on antitrust topics, and has contributed to the briefs in a number of Supreme Court litigations.
He was the principal author of the Commission’s 1980 policy statement on its consumer unfairness jurisdiction, and of the opinion in International Harvester which formally adopted that statement.
He presently writes a column of opinion and analysis for the newsweekly FTC:WATCH.
Averitt is married to Kirstin Downey, who is also a writer. She recently published a biography of Frances Perkins, FDR’s Secretary of Labor, under the title of The Woman Behind the New Deal (Random House 2009). She is presently working on a biography of Queen Isabella of Spain (Random House 2014).
Averitt lives in Alexandria, Virginia.
Professor Emeritus of Strategic Management and Public Policy, School of Business, The George Washington University
Howard Beales teaches in the School of Business at the George Washington University, where he has been since 1988. His research interests include a wide variety of consumer protection regulatory issues, including privacy, law and economics, and the regulation of advertising. He has published numerous articles addressing these issues in academic journals.
From 2001 through 2004, Dr. Beales served as the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection at the Federal Trade Commission. In that capacity, he was instrumental in redirecting the FTC’s privacy agenda to focus on the consequences of the use and misuse of consumer information. During his tenure, the Commission proposed, promulgated, and implemented the national Do Not Call Registry. He also worked with Congress and the Administration to develop and implement the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003, and testified before Congress on numerous occasions. His aggressive law enforcement program produced the largest redress orders in FTC history and attacked high volume frauds promoted through heavy television advertising.
Dr. Beales also worked at the FTC from 1977 to 1987, as a staff economist, Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Associate Director for Policy and Evaluation, and Acting Deputy Director. In 1987-88, he was the Chief of the Human Resources and Housing Branch of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Office of Management and Budget.
Howard Beales received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago in 1978. He graduated magna cum laude from Georgetown University with a B.A. in Economics in 1972.
President, Antitrust Education Project
Associate Professor, School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Faculty Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research
Ioana Marinescu is an economist who studies the labor market to craft policies that can enhance employment, productivity, and economic security. To make an informed policy decision, it is crucial to determine the costs and benefits of policies. Dr. Marinescu’s research expertise includes online job search, antitrust & the labor market, the universal basic income, unemployment insurance, the minimum wage, and employment contracts.
Dr. Marinescu’s research has been published in leading academic journals such as the Journal of Labor Economics, the American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, and the Journal of Public Economics. She has testified for policy makers, including the Federal Trade Commission, and has briefed Congressional Staff. Her research has been cited in many media outlets including the New York Times, CNN, and the Wall Street Journal. She writes a monthly op-ed for the French newspaper Liberation.
Dr. Marinescu is a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. You can follow her on Twitter @mioana and check out her research on her website, marinescu.eu.
Managing Partner - Washington, D.C., Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP
Jane Luxton is the Managing Partner of Lewis Brisbois’ Washington, D.C. office, co-chair of the Government Investigations & White Collar Defense Practice, co-chair of the Government Relations Group Leadership, co-chair of the Environmental and Administrative Law Practice, and vice-chair of the Consumer Financial Services Practice. Jane has extensive experience in environmental as well as other federal regulatory, policy, and litigation matters. She advises businesses, associations, and coalitions in navigating all levels of the federal regulatory process, including appellate advocacy.
Recent matters include:
Jane’s knowledge of environmental and administrative law gained key insights from her experience serving in several prominent positions in the U.S. government. From 2007-2009, she served as general counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, advising the Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere on legal and policy issues related to natural resource damages, coastal zone and fisheries management, endangered species and marine mammal protection, and weather and climate change science. In this role, in which she held a top secret/SCI security clearance, Jane was appointed by the President to head the U.S. delegation to the 2008 Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. She also received the U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award in 2008 and 2009.
Jane’s experience includes “first chair” prosecution of antitrust and other criminal cases at the U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Attorneys office, Eastern District of Virginia. In private practice, Jane has represented clients in grand jury and other government investigations.
Opinion Columnist, FTC:WATCH
Neil Averitt is a lawyer, editor, and writer.
He was born in Washington, D.C., and later attended Dartmouth College, Harvard College, the London School of Economics, and Harvard Law School, where he was Note Editor on the Law Review.
For most of his professional career he practiced law at the Federal Trade Commission, helping to formulate policy on both antitrust and consumer protection issues. He has worked as advisor to one of the Commissioners, assistant to the Chairman, and as acting head of the antitrust planning staff. He has written numerous articles on antitrust topics, and has contributed to the briefs in a number of Supreme Court litigations.
He was the principal author of the Commission’s 1980 policy statement on its consumer unfairness jurisdiction, and of the opinion in International Harvester which formally adopted that statement.
He presently writes a column of opinion and analysis for the newsweekly FTC:WATCH.
Averitt is married to Kirstin Downey, who is also a writer. She recently published a biography of Frances Perkins, FDR’s Secretary of Labor, under the title of The Woman Behind the New Deal (Random House 2009). She is presently working on a biography of Queen Isabella of Spain (Random House 2014).
Averitt lives in Alexandria, Virginia.
Professor Emeritus of Strategic Management and Public Policy, School of Business, The George Washington University
Howard Beales teaches in the School of Business at the George Washington University, where he has been since 1988. His research interests include a wide variety of consumer protection regulatory issues, including privacy, law and economics, and the regulation of advertising. He has published numerous articles addressing these issues in academic journals.
From 2001 through 2004, Dr. Beales served as the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection at the Federal Trade Commission. In that capacity, he was instrumental in redirecting the FTC’s privacy agenda to focus on the consequences of the use and misuse of consumer information. During his tenure, the Commission proposed, promulgated, and implemented the national Do Not Call Registry. He also worked with Congress and the Administration to develop and implement the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003, and testified before Congress on numerous occasions. His aggressive law enforcement program produced the largest redress orders in FTC history and attacked high volume frauds promoted through heavy television advertising.
Dr. Beales also worked at the FTC from 1977 to 1987, as a staff economist, Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Associate Director for Policy and Evaluation, and Acting Deputy Director. In 1987-88, he was the Chief of the Human Resources and Housing Branch of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Office of Management and Budget.
Howard Beales received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago in 1978. He graduated magna cum laude from Georgetown University with a B.A. in Economics in 1972.
President, Antitrust Education Project
Managing Partner - Washington, D.C., Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP
Jane Luxton is the Managing Partner of Lewis Brisbois’ Washington, D.C. office, co-chair of the Government Investigations & White Collar Defense Practice, co-chair of the Government Relations Group Leadership, co-chair of the Environmental and Administrative Law Practice, and vice-chair of the Consumer Financial Services Practice. Jane has extensive experience in environmental as well as other federal regulatory, policy, and litigation matters. She advises businesses, associations, and coalitions in navigating all levels of the federal regulatory process, including appellate advocacy.
Recent matters include:
Jane’s knowledge of environmental and administrative law gained key insights from her experience serving in several prominent positions in the U.S. government. From 2007-2009, she served as general counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, advising the Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere on legal and policy issues related to natural resource damages, coastal zone and fisheries management, endangered species and marine mammal protection, and weather and climate change science. In this role, in which she held a top secret/SCI security clearance, Jane was appointed by the President to head the U.S. delegation to the 2008 Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. She also received the U.S. Department of Commerce Gold Medal Award in 2008 and 2009.
Jane’s experience includes “first chair” prosecution of antitrust and other criminal cases at the U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Attorneys office, Eastern District of Virginia. In private practice, Jane has represented clients in grand jury and other government investigations.
Associate Professor, School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Faculty Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research
Ioana Marinescu is an economist who studies the labor market to craft policies that can enhance employment, productivity, and economic security. To make an informed policy decision, it is crucial to determine the costs and benefits of policies. Dr. Marinescu’s research expertise includes online job search, antitrust & the labor market, the universal basic income, unemployment insurance, the minimum wage, and employment contracts.
Dr. Marinescu’s research has been published in leading academic journals such as the Journal of Labor Economics, the American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, and the Journal of Public Economics. She has testified for policy makers, including the Federal Trade Commission, and has briefed Congressional Staff. Her research has been cited in many media outlets including the New York Times, CNN, and the Wall Street Journal. She writes a monthly op-ed for the French newspaper Liberation.
Dr. Marinescu is a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. You can follow her on Twitter @mioana and check out her research on her website, marinescu.eu.
Thirteenth Annual Delaware Firearms Law Seminar
Delaware Lawyer Chapter
WIlmington, DEA Discussion on NMFS’s Regulatory Authority: Whales, Speed Limits, and Legal Questions
Braden H. Boucek, Jane Luxton
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), an arm of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration...
A Discussion on NMFS’s Regulatory Authority: Whales, Speed Limits, and Legal Questions
Braden H. Boucek, Jane Luxton
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), an arm of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration...
The SEC’s ESG Reporting Rule: Understanding the Debate over Climate-Risk Disclosure Requirements
Jane Luxton, Paul J. Ray
In March 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission proposed a new rule that would establish...
Deep Dive Episode 197 – Competition at a Crossroads: Will the Executive Order on Competition Advance Competition, or Restrict It?
Neil Averitt, J. Howard Beales III, Robert H. Bork, Ioana Marinescu, Jane Luxton
Protecting and preserving competition are the key objectives of U.S. antitrust laws, which are all...
Competition at a Crossroads: Will the Executive Order on Competition Advance Competition, or Restrict It?
Neil Averitt, J. Howard Beales III, Robert H. Bork, Jane Luxton, Ioana Marinescu
Protecting and preserving competition are the key objectives of U.S. antitrust laws, which are all...