Protecting conscience has always been a national priority in the United States. The Founding Fathers’ determination to protect conscience is reflected in the declaration of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that “Congress shall make no law... prohibiting the free exercise [of religion].” More recently, this national consensus is embodied in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), which requires employers and unions to attempt to accommodate sincere religious beliefs in the workplace....