In February 2009, as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the “Recovery Act”), Congress directed the Federal Communications Commission (the “Commission”) to develop a National Broadband Plan “to ensure that all people of the United States have access to broadband capability and [to] establish benchmarks for meeting that goal.” This initiative originated with a campaign proposal of President Barack Obama to increase access to broadband services. The Recovery Act also included grants to increase broadband deployment and adoption...