Senior Fellow and Director of Constitutional Studies, Manhattan Institute
Ilya Shapiro is a senior fellow and director of constitutional studies at the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of City Journal. Previously he was executive director and senior lecturer at the Georgetown Center for the Constitution, and before that a vice president of the Cato Institute.
Shapiro is the author of Lawless: The Miseducation of America’s Elites (2025) and Supreme Disorder: Judicial Nominations and the Politics of America’s Highest Court (2020), coauthor of Religious Liberties for Corporations? (2014), and editor of 11 volumes of the Cato Supreme Court Review (2008-18). He has contributed to a variety of academic, popular, and professional publications, including the Wall Street Journal, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, National Review, and Newsweek. He also regularly provides commentary for various media outlets, writes the Shapiro’s Gavel newsletter on Substack, and once appeared on the Colbert Report.
Shapiro has testified many times before Congress and state legislatures and has filed more than 500 amicus curiae “friend of the court” briefs in the Supreme Court. He lectures regularly on behalf of the Federalist Society, is a member of the board of fellows of the Jewish Policy Center, was an inaugural Washington Fellow at the National Review Institute, and has been an adjunct law professor at the George Washington University and University of Mississippi. He is also the chairman of the board of advisers of the Mississippi Justice Institute, a barrister in the Edward Coke Appellate Inn of Court, and a former member of the Virginia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.
Earlier in his career, Shapiro was a special assistant/adviser to the Multi-National Force in Iraq on rule-of-law issues and practiced at Patton Boggs and Cleary Gottlieb. Before entering private practice, he clerked for Judge E. Grady Jolly of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He holds an AB from Princeton University, an MSc from the London School of Economics, and a JD from the University of Chicago Law School.
Attorney, Pacific Legal Foundation
A lifelong lover of liberty, David McDonald joined Pacific Legal Foundation’s property rights team in 2023.
As the son of two former gold miners who spent his childhood visiting ghost towns and old mines in the Mojave Desert, he has always been fascinated by the frontier spirit that built this nation and sees the defense of private property rights as absolutely vital to keeping that spirit alive. After reading about eminent domain abuse for the first time in college (and Justice Clarence Thomas’ amazing dissent in Kelo), he realized he needed to become a lawyer so he could put a stop to the government’s flagrant violation of private property rights.
Prior to joining PLF, David was an attorney with Mountain States Legal Foundation in Colorado, where his practice primarily focused on the bureaucratic overreach and intransigence of federal land use agencies like the Bureau of Land Management. While at Mountain States, David represented individuals and small businesses whose rights had been violated by the government before both state and federal courts and administrative tribunals. Before that, he worked as a legal associate with the Cato Institute’s Center for Constitutional Studies, where he authored Supreme Court amicus briefs and scholarly articles on a number of constitutional topics.
David grew up in Southern California and received his undergraduate degree from the University of California, Los Angeles before attending Columbia University for law school.
When not trying to ruin government employees’ days, David can usually be found doing something nerdy like playing board games, arguing about the finer points of Tolkien lore, and taking pub trivia way too seriously.
David is a member of the bar only in the states of New York and Colorado.
Senior Legal Fellow, the Meese Institute for the Rule of Law, Advancing American Freedom
Paul J. Larkin is a Senior Legal Fellow in the Meese Institute for the Rule of Law at Advancing American Freedom. Paul has held various positions in the federal and state governments throughout his career, such as being an attorney in the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section of the Criminal Division at the U.S. Department of Justice, an Assistant to the Solicitor General in the Office of the Solicitor General at the U.S. Department of Justice, Special Agent-in-Charge and Acting Director of the Criminal Investigation Division at the Environmental Protection Agency, and a member of the Parole Abolition and Sentencing Reform Commission and of the Juvenile Justice Reform Commission in the Office of Virginia Governor George Allen.
He has also worked at Verizon Communications and two law firms in Washington, D.C. His current research is principally in the fields of drug policy, criminal justice policy, and administrative law and policy. He has published numerous articles in law and public policy journals, both in print and online.
Partner, Gibson Dunn
Lucas C. Townsend is a litigation partner in the Washington, D.C. office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher. He is a member of the firm’s Appellate and Constitutional Law and Intellectual Property practice groups.
Mr. Townsend has litigated a wide range of appellate and trial matters in federal and state court. Mr. Townsend’s appellate practice includes representing corporate clients in high-stakes commercial disputes, litigating cutting-edge legal issues before the Supreme Court of the United States, and representing pro bono clients before the courts of appeals. Mr. Townsend’s intellectual property practice includes representing pharmaceutical, internet, and other technology companies in patent and trademark disputes. In addition, Mr. Townsend regularly represents clients in litigation under the Administrative Procedure Act and provides counseling on accounting regulation.
Representative matters include serving as appellate counsel for the world’s largest social networking website and drafting successful briefing in a significant noninfringement appeal; briefing appeals on behalf of pharmaceutical patent holders in Hatch-Waxman Act litigation; drafting successful briefing for a documentary filmmaker’s First Amendment challenge to Colorado’s campaign finance laws; briefing appeals from final judgments in a landmark securities-fraud class action; representing a national hospital network in appellate litigation resulting in a $60 million reduction in a punitive damages award; representing broadcasters in litigation against the Federal Communications Commission under the Administrative Procedure Act; representing a for-profit education company in an enforcement action brought by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau; and briefing numerous matters in the Supreme Court of the United States involving class certification, antitrust, employment, and constitutional issues.
Before joining the firm, Mr. Townsend served as a law clerk to the Honorable Samuel A. Alito, Jr. of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Honorable Maryanne Trump Barry of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and the Honorable Harold A. Ackerman of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. Mr. Townsend also served as an Attorney Adviser in the United States Department of Justice, National Security Division, from 2007 to 2009.
Mr. Townsend graduated magna cum laude from the Seton Hall University School of Law, where he was Executive Editor of the Seton Hall Law Review. He received an undergraduate degree in biochemistry from Cornell University.
Mr. Townsend is admitted to practice in the District of Columbia, New York, and New Jersey.
Judge, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
Judge Duncan received his B.A. from Louisiana State University in 1994, his J.D. from the Paul M. Hebert Law Center at Louisiana State University in 1997, and his LL.M. from Columbia Law School in 2004.
After graduating from law school, he clerked for Louisiana-based Circuit Judge John Malcolm Duhé Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
From 2008–2012, Duncan served as Appellate Chief for Louisiana's Attorney General's office. From 2012–2014, he served as general counsel of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty. From 2004-2008, he was an assistant professor of law at the University of Mississippi School of Law.
Before becoming a judge, Duncan practiced at the Washington, D.C. firm of Schaerr Duncan LLP, where he was a founding partner. He was appointed by President Trump to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on May 1, 2018.
Partner, Gibson Dunn
Lucas C. Townsend is a litigation partner in the Washington, D.C. office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher. He is a member of the firm’s Appellate and Constitutional Law and Intellectual Property practice groups.
Mr. Townsend has litigated a wide range of appellate and trial matters in federal and state court. Mr. Townsend’s appellate practice includes representing corporate clients in high-stakes commercial disputes, litigating cutting-edge legal issues before the Supreme Court of the United States, and representing pro bono clients before the courts of appeals. Mr. Townsend’s intellectual property practice includes representing pharmaceutical, internet, and other technology companies in patent and trademark disputes. In addition, Mr. Townsend regularly represents clients in litigation under the Administrative Procedure Act and provides counseling on accounting regulation.
Representative matters include serving as appellate counsel for the world’s largest social networking website and drafting successful briefing in a significant noninfringement appeal; briefing appeals on behalf of pharmaceutical patent holders in Hatch-Waxman Act litigation; drafting successful briefing for a documentary filmmaker’s First Amendment challenge to Colorado’s campaign finance laws; briefing appeals from final judgments in a landmark securities-fraud class action; representing a national hospital network in appellate litigation resulting in a $60 million reduction in a punitive damages award; representing broadcasters in litigation against the Federal Communications Commission under the Administrative Procedure Act; representing a for-profit education company in an enforcement action brought by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau; and briefing numerous matters in the Supreme Court of the United States involving class certification, antitrust, employment, and constitutional issues.
Before joining the firm, Mr. Townsend served as a law clerk to the Honorable Samuel A. Alito, Jr. of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Honorable Maryanne Trump Barry of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and the Honorable Harold A. Ackerman of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. Mr. Townsend also served as an Attorney Adviser in the United States Department of Justice, National Security Division, from 2007 to 2009.
Mr. Townsend graduated magna cum laude from the Seton Hall University School of Law, where he was Executive Editor of the Seton Hall Law Review. He received an undergraduate degree in biochemistry from Cornell University.
Mr. Townsend is admitted to practice in the District of Columbia, New York, and New Jersey.
Judge, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
Judge Duncan received his B.A. from Louisiana State University in 1994, his J.D. from the Paul M. Hebert Law Center at Louisiana State University in 1997, and his LL.M. from Columbia Law School in 2004.
After graduating from law school, he clerked for Louisiana-based Circuit Judge John Malcolm Duhé Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
From 2008–2012, Duncan served as Appellate Chief for Louisiana's Attorney General's office. From 2012–2014, he served as general counsel of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty. From 2004-2008, he was an assistant professor of law at the University of Mississippi School of Law.
Before becoming a judge, Duncan practiced at the Washington, D.C. firm of Schaerr Duncan LLP, where he was a founding partner. He was appointed by President Trump to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on May 1, 2018.
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