Attorney, Hicks Thomas LLP
Associate Justice, New Hampshire Supreme Court
Bryan K. Gould is the 112th Justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court. Justice Gould was sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on September 18, 2025 after confirmation by the Executive Council. Justice Gould was nominated to the bench by Governor Kelly Ayotte. Prior to his appointment, Justice Gould practiced law in New Hampshire for more than 35 years, primarily in the field of civil litigation. He represented a diverse array of clients before state and federal courts and state administrative tribunals. Justice Gould’s law practice included commercial litigation, appellate litigation, state and federal constitutional law, municipal law, land-use law, election law, and environmental law. He also represented clients before the New Hampshire legislature with respect to legislation affecting their interests. Justice Gould previously served as special counsel both to New Hampshire Governor Craig Benson and to the New Hampshire Executive Council. Justice Gould received his Bachelor of Science degree from Utah State University in 1980 and received his Juris Doctor from the University of Utah College of Law in 1984.
Senior Attorney, Institute for Justice
Robert Frommer serves as a senior attorney with the Institute for Justice. He joined the Institute in August 2008 and is currently litigating on behalf of SpeechNow.org, a group challenging the federal campaign finance laws regarding free speech.
Before joining IJ, Robert was an attorney with the Washington, D.C., office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, where he litigated both complex litigation and public-interest matters. He is a former law clerk to Judge Morris Sheppard Arnold of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Robert received his law degree magna cum laude from the University of Michigan Law School in 2004, where he was elected to the Order of the Coif and served as both a book review editor for the Michigan Law Review and president of the Federalist Society student chapter. Before going to law school, Robert earned a master's degree in economics from George Mason University.
Law Clerk, U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire
Law Clerk, U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire
Senior Fellow in Constitutional Jurisprudence, Independence Institute
Professor Robert G. Natelson is a constitutional scholar and author.
Rob’s constitutional scholarship has been cited repeatedly by justices and parties at the U.S. Supreme Court—as well as by federal appeals courts, and at least 18 state supreme courts.
Rob’s research into the Constitution’s original meaning has carried him to libraries throughout the United States and in Britain, including four months at Oxford University. His books and articles span many different parts of the Constitution, including groundbreaking studies of the Necessary and Proper Clause, the Indian Commerce Clause, federalism, Founding-Era interpretation, regulation of elections, and the amendment process of Article V. He created the first-ever online bibliography for 18th century materials used in constitutional research. He is a contributing author to the Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States (on Magna Carta). He contributed eight essays to the third edition of the Heritage Guide to the Constitution: five on the amendment procedure and one each on the Guarantee Clause, the Postal Clause, and the Recess Appointments Clause.
U.S. Supreme Court justices have relied explicitly on Rob’s research in 41 citations in 13 separate cases.
Justice, Michigan Supreme Court
Stephen Markman was appointed Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court on October 1, 1999. He served as the Chief Justice from 2017-2019. Before his appointment, he served as Judge on the Michigan Court of Appeals from 1995-1999. Prior to this, he practiced law with the firm of Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone in Detroit.
From 1989-1993, Justice Markman served as United States Attorney, or federal prosecutor, in Michigan, after having been nominated by President George H. W. Bush and confirmed by the United States Senate. From 1985-1989, he served as Assistant Attorney General of the United States, after having been nominated by President Ronald Reagan and confirmed by the United States Senate. In that position, he headed the Department of Justice’s Office of Legal Policy, which served as the principal policy development office within the Department, and which coordinated the federal judicial selection process. Prior to this, he served for seven years as Chief Counsel of the United States Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution, and as Deputy Chief Counsel of the United States Senate Judiciary Committee.
Justice Markman has authored articles for such publications as the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, the Detroit College of Law Review, the Stanford Law Review, the University of Chicago Law Review, the American Criminal Justice Law Review, the Barrister’s Law Journal, the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, and the American University Law Review. He has also served as a contributing editor of National Review magazine, and has authored chapters in such books as “In the Name of Justice: The Aims of the Criminal Law,” “Still the Law of the Land,” and “Originalism: A Quarter Century of Debate.”
Justice Markman has taught constitutional law at Hillsdale College since 1993. He has served on the Board of Directors of the Western Michigan University Thomas M. Cooley Law School. He traveled to Ukraine on two occasions on behalf of the State Department, to provide assistance in the development of that nation’s post-Soviet constitution. He is a Fellow of the Michigan Bar Foundation, a Master of the Bench of the Inns of Court, and a member of the One Hundred Club. He has spoken before hundreds of youth, civic, charitable, and legal groups throughout Michigan and nationally, and has coached Little League baseball and basketball. He lives with his wife Mary Kathleen in Mason, and has two sons, James and Charles.
Justice Markman was re-elected to the Supreme Court in 2000, 2004, and 2012. His present term expires January 1, 2021.
A Fireside Chat about Originalism with New Hampshire Supreme Court Justice Bryan Gould
New Hampshire Lawyer Chapter
Concord, NHFrom Donuts to District Court: Conway's Sign Code on Trial
New Hampshire Lawyer Chapter
Concord, NHNew England Consortium Networking Night
Boston, MATransporting Abortifacients Across State Lines: Prospects for Indictment and Extradition
Paul Linton
On January 31, 2025, a Louisiana grand jury indicted a New York physician—Dr. Margaret Carpenter—for...
New Hampshire Lawyers Summer Happy Hour
New Hampshire Lawyers Chapter
Manchester, NHA Fireside Chat with New Hampshire's Solicitor General
New Hampshire Lawyers Chapter
Manchester, NHApplying the Founders' Originalism
Robert G. Natelson
The 1787 Federal Convention drafted, and the ratifiers approved, the United States Constitution under the...
Toward a More Confident State Constitutionalism
Steve J. Markman
This article is adapted from a speech Justice Markman delivered to the Florida Annual Education...
Topics
New Election Law Podcast: The Voting Booth
Election Assistance Commissioner Don Palmer—member of FedSoc's Free Speech & Election Law Practice Group Executive...
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The Meaning of “Regulate Commerce” to the Constitution’s Ratifiers: An Update
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