VP and Senior Counsel, Becket Fund
Eric Baxter joined The Becket Fund as Senior Counsel in 2011. Since then he has represented religious organizations and individuals in a wide array of religious liberty disputes at both the trial and appellate level. Recent victories including a Ninth Circuit ruling upholding the “Big Mountain Jesus” statue that has stood on Forest Service land near Kalispell, Montana, for more than sixty years, and a rare Pentagon decision allowing a Sikh soldier to maintain his full beard and turban while serving in the Army. Mr. Baxter has extensive experience fighting efforts under state Blaine amendments to exclude religious organizations and individuals from participating on equal terms in the public square. He also regularly advises religious institutions of higher education in defending their religious missions against government encroachment.
Mr. Baxter has frequently appeared in the national media to discuss religious liberty issues, including appearances on Fox News (Kelly File, Fox & Friends), WSJ Live, CBS New York, Christian Broadcasting Network, Newsmax TV, and Al Jazeera. He has also written op-eds and been quoted in many major newspapers and other print media, including the New York Times, Washington Post, LA Times, Fox News, New York Post, Washington Times, and New Boston Post.
Before joining the Becket Fund, Mr. Baxter was a partner at Arent Fox LLP in Washington, DC, where he maintained a commercial complex litigation practice representing clients primarily in employment, intellectual property, and biotechnology disputes. He also served for many years as outside counsel to a DC church and its affiliated school. In 2007, he was awarded the Albert E. Arent Pro Bono Award for his work representing several parents adopting a total of seven children from foster care.
From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Baxter clerked for the Honorable Robert H. Cleland in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (Detroit). Mr. Baxter received a B.A. in Russian Literature and Linguistics from Brigham Young University and graduated magna cum laude from the J. Reuben Clark Law School at BYU, where he served as Executive Editor of the Law Review and was elected to the Order of the Coif. Eric speaks Russian and some Spanish. He and his wife have seven children and an amateur family bluegrass band.
Mr. Baxter has been featured on the Kelly File, Al Jazeera, WSJ Video, and NewsmaxTV.
Senior Counsel, The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty
Joe Davis joined Becket in 2017 as Legal Counsel. His work at Becket has included appellate litigation in both federal and state courts, including representing religious entities and governments sued because of their openness to religious expression in precedent-setting victories before the Third, Fifth, Seventh, and Eleventh Circuits. Joe has appeared in national media to discuss religious liberty issues, including on Fox News and numerous radio and print outlets, and his academic work on topics related to religious liberty has been published at venues including the Yale Law Journal Forum and the Notre Dame Law Review Online.
Before joining Becket, Joe worked as a litigator at Jones Walker LLP in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he worked on a variety of matters from commercial and criminal litigation to bankruptcy. From 2014 to 2015, he clerked for the Honorable E. Grady Jolly of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Joe graduated summa cum laude from the University of Virginia School of Law in 2014, where he served on the Virginia Law Review and was elected to the Order of the Coif. While in law school, Joe studied religious liberty law with one of the top religious liberty scholars and litigators in the nation. He also worked as a researcher for the law school’s Supreme Court Litigation Clinic. Before going to law school, Joe received his B.A. in Economics with a minor in Religion, summa cum laude, from Mississippi State University.
Joe is married to his high school sweetheart. When he’s not helping her corral their four young children, he tends to be reading the classics, watching college football, or listening to his vinyl collection.
Co-Owner, Grandview Bed & Breakfast
Gwendolyn Smith is an innkeeper and owner of Grandview Bed & Breakfast in Mount Dora, FL. She has a long history working in hospitality that includes Disney, Marriott and Starwood Hotels. Gwendolyn is a Board Member of the Florida Restaurant Lodging Association, Florida Inns Chapter and serves on the Marketing Council for FRLA. She graduated from Rollins College with a B.A. Degree in Organizational Communication.
Head of Tech & Innovation, Centre for Policy Studies
Matthew Feeney is Head of Tech & Innovation at Centre for Policy Studies. Before joining CPS, Matthew was the director of Cato Institute’s Project on Emerging Technologies. His writing has appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, City A.M., and others. He received both his BA and MA in philosophy from the University of Reading.
Retired Commissioner, Orange County, Florida
Growing up in a military family, Pete traveled a great deal and lived in Seattle, Germany, Alabama, France and Milton in Northwest Florida. While still a teenager, his father passed away unexpectedly, and his widowed mother moved to the family to Orange County. Pete graduated from Boone High School and subsequently continued his education — earning a Bachelor’s degree in Marine Biology from the University of West Florida. While working for the State of Florida at the Orange County Health Department and later Orange County government’s Health and Family Services Department, he earned Master’s degrees in Education and Public Health from Florida State and in Management from Rollins College Crummer School of Business.
During Pete’s own military service in the Florida Air National Guard, he completed coursework in Hospital Administration/Health Services Management at Sheppard Air Force Base with the United States Air Force. He has furthered his education through FEMA Emergency Management coursework, and is certified in the National Incident Management System. He has completed Leadership Orlando, as well as extensive coursework through the Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
Professionally, Pete’s long-term public career has provided far-reaching benefits for residents and visitors in our entire community. As Deputy Director of the Orange County Health and Family Services Department, he was responsible for services including inmate health care at the Orange County jail, the District Medical Examiner’s office, Animal Services, Mosquito Control, the Great Oaks Village residential services for abused, abandoned and neglected children and teens, the EMS system medical direction, Disaster Management, our Environmental Protection Department, Orange County’s mental health services, Social and Family services, Head Start, Community Action, the county Parks and Recreation Division, the county Veteran’s Services Division, and many other units and programs across Orange County. Those responsibilities included oversight and management of over 1,000 employees and budgets approaching 150-175 million dollars. Under his management, budgeting was taken very seriously and his departments did not over-budget to allow a return of funds at years end.
A visionary leader, Pete is well known as a man who recognizes challenges in our community and strives to develop solutions to needs. Through his extensive history of networking and collaborating with both the private and public sectors, he has provided strategic leadership in creating, developing and managing a number of significant programs benefitting residents and visitors. These include the Primary Care Access Network (Access to Care) offering medical care to the uninsured and underinsured, the After School Zone which provides after school care to all middle school children in Orange County public schools, and the Sexual Assault Treatment Center which provides a safe, secure and sensitive response to the medical, psychological and forensic needs of those who have experienced sexual trauma. He was instrumental in the privatization of the Victims Service Center, and in the creation and development of both the Juvenile Assessment Center and the Central Receiving Center. This brief list is just the beginning, and is clear evidence of Pete’s exceptional ability to bring the right leaders to the table, to facilitate open dialogue regarding challenges and issues, and to get the job done.
Pete’s life is a testament to his belief in, and commitment to, public service. Well before running for office Pete gave of his time to his community through his work on a myriad of local and statewide Boards, Coalitions and groups, focusing on issues important to a wide range of individuals, families, organizations and businesses. His service has included participation in the Health Council of East Central Florida (which addresses health care access and cost issues), the Child Advocacy Center Advisory Board (provider of Child abuse exams), the United Way 211 Advisory Board (which created the 211 system), the Health Care Center for the Homeless Advisory Board, the Senior Resource Alliance Council to promote senior access to services, and the Health Alliance (where he was Past Chair and co-founder) and facilitated the constructed a 26,000 sq. ft. clinic in east Winter Garden. Pete created the Primary Care Access Network (PCAN) which provides access to care for more than 90,000 Orange County residents through a collaborative created in 2000. He has furthered served as past chair of the Lake Eola Charter School Board, and the Shepherds Hope Board, the Low Income Pool Council (a State Appointment) which directed 1 Billion in Medicaid funding to Safety Net Hospitals and local projects, the Florida Public Health Association (Past President; state-wide association), the Drowning Prevention Task Force (ultimately spurring development of funding for swimming lessons for Head Start children in Orange County), Hope Now International (Past Chair and Co-Founder) provider of the largest back pack and health screening program in our area, and the AIDS Resource Alliance (Past Chair/Founding Member) offering a case management not-for-profit created for the Ryan White grant programs.
Following his career with Orange County Government, Pete was tapped to serve as Corporate Director of Community and Governmental Relations for Community Health Centers, Inc. — a local leader in access to health care for our residents. His efforts assured the organization was aligned with community partners and expectations — further evidence of his ability to work and collaborate effectively with both the private and public sectors.
In 2012, Pete was elected as our District 3 County Commissioner and was re-elected in 2016 by a nearly 70% margin. His extensive efforts to help our citizens and community have continued to provide much-needed solutions to the problems and challenges we face today. During his terms he has been honored to have his fellow Board members recognize his leadership and vision, and support many initiatives he proposed, including his Ordinance to allow the additional homestead exemption to our seniors; his Ordinance to require certain businesses to post the Human Trafficking Hot Line information; his Resolution against Fracking; his proposal to provide funding for the first and only adult human trafficking emergency shelter in the state (which has recently opened and is now accepting trafficking survivors); and supported his motion to return to the weekly bulk- item refuse pick up wanted by our residents. Numerous other successes during his service as our Commissioner include Water quality projects for our lakes; additional acreage for Cypress Grove Park; increased athletic fields and a splash pad and all-children’s playground for Barber Park; the Pine Castle/South Orange Avenue corridor plan; the Hoffner Road Overlay and Conway Acres wall; and the Small area studies (Rural Enclaves).
While serving as Orange County’s District 3 Commissioner, Pete’s community involvement continues through his efforts with a number of organizations and interests. These include the local Metro Plan (Vice Chair), the Transportation Disadvantaged Council (Past Chairman), the Central Florida Water Collaborative (Secretary), Community Action Board (Chair), the Citizens’ Commission for Children Advisory Board, the Central Receiving Center/Children’s Mental Health Board of Directors (Chair), Kiwanis Club of Central Orlando (Past President), Florida Abolitionists Board of Directors (dedicated to eradicating Human Trafficking and modern-day slavery), the Urban Caucus, where he serves as co-chair, the Florida Association of Counties, and the Healing the Children Advisory Council. His multi-agency and diverse community involvement further serves to demonstrate his commitment to the entire community and all its residents and visitors.
Pete currently lives in the Conway area with his wonderful wife Cathie, attends and volunteers for Discovery Church, and enjoys golf, riding his “bike” and playing in a classic rock band.
Raoul Berger Professor of Legal History at Northwestern University School of Law
Stephen Presser is a leading American legal historian and expert on shareholder liability for corporate debts. He is frequently an invited witness before committees of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives on issues of constitutional law. He holds a joint appointment with the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management and also teaches in Northwestern's history department.
Partner, Consovoy McCarthy Park PLLC
Mr. Connolly represents clients in discovery, motions practice, trials, and appeals in state and federal courts across the country. He has litigated in a diverse range of subject areas, including civil rights litigation, challenges to administrative actions, contractual and employment disputes, and election law. Mr. Connolly has particular expertise in litigation involving the Federal Arbitration Act, the Voting Rights Act, the Communications Act, the Civil Rights Act, and the Freedom of Information Act. Mr. Connolly recently argued in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit on behalf of a trade industry and served on the trial team in a high-profile, three-week trial in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts.
Mr. Connolly is a former law clerk to Judge Jerome A. Holmes of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Mr. Connolly is also the director of the Free Speech Clinic at the Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University.
Mr. Connolly earned his B.A. from the University of Kansas, where he graduated with distinction and his J.D. from New York University School of Law. Mr. Connolly is a member of the Virginia and District of Columbia bars.
Legal Director, The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education
Will began defending student and faculty rights for FIRE in 2006 after graduating from New York University School of Law, where he served as an associate executive editor for the New York University Law Review. Will has appeared on national cable television and radio on behalf of FIRE and has spoken to students, faculty, administrators, and attorneys at events across the country. Will’s writing has been published by The New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, the Chronicle of Higher Education, Jurist, Inside Higher Ed, Daily Journal, the Charleston Law Review, and many other outlets. Will edited the second edition of FIRE’s Guide to Due Process and Campus Justice, co-edited the second edition of FIRE’s Guide to Free Speech on Campus, and has coauthored amicus curiae briefs submitted to a number of courts, including the Supreme Court of the United States and the United States Courts of Appeals for the Third, Ninth, and Eleventh Circuits. Will has taught FIRE’s Continuing Legal Education programs in New York, Pennsylvania, and online. A member of the New York State Bar and the First Amendment Lawyers Association, Will serves as Co-Chair of the Education Subcommittee of the American Bar Association’s Section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice.
Will graduated magna cum laude from New York University’s Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2003. A proud native of Buffalo, New York, Will now lives in New Jersey with his wife and two children.
Founding Partner, Cooper & Kirk PLLC
Charles J. Cooper is a founding member and the chairman of Cooper & Kirk, PLLC, “one of the Nation’s leading litigation boutiques” (Above The Law 2017). The National Law Journal recently wrote that Mr. Cooper’s “brilliant legal career has so far spanned five decades and thrust Cooper into the spotlight in some of the most historic moments of the country’s modern history.” He has argued nine cases before the United States Supreme Court and scores of appeals before each of the 13 federal courts of appeals and several state supreme courts. He has been lead trial counsel in numerous complex, weeks-long trials in federal courts throughout the country. Named by the National Law Journal as one of the 10 best litigators in Washington D.C., Mr. Cooper’s work has been reported in numerous press accounts, and he has been called a “powerhouse attorney” (Fortune 2015), “a hard-nosed litigator” (Washington Post 2017), and “one of the country’s most in-demand civil litigators and a Washington legal institution unto himself” (The American Spectator 2014).
After graduating from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1977, where he ranked first in his class and served as Editor-in-Chief of the Alabama Law Review, Mr. Cooper began his career as a law clerk to Judge Paul Roney on the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and to Justice William H. Rehnquist in 1978–79. He then practiced law in Atlanta for two years before joining the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, where he served as the Deputy Assistant Attorney General in charge of, among other things, appellate matters. In 1985 President Reagan appointed him to the position of Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel, which is the office responsible for providing legal opinions and advice to the White House, the Attorney General, and Executive Branch departments and agencies on issues covering the full spectrum of federal constitutional, statutory, and regulatory law.
In 1988 he returned to private practice as a litigation partner in the Washington, D.C. office of McGuireWoods. From 1990 until the founding of Cooper & Kirk in 1996, he was a partner at Shaw Pittman (now Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman), where he headed the firm’s Constitutional and Government Litigation Group.
Mr. Cooper has represented a wide range of public and private clients in highly complex constitutional, civil rights, antitrust, healthcare, banking, intellectual property, elections, campaign finance, administrative, commercial, and government contract cases. He has led trial teams in cases that have won judgments and settlements valued in the billions of dollars and that have established ground-breaking constitutional precedents.
Much of Mr. Cooper’s practice has involved representing high-profile clients in nationally prominent matters, including: the State of Florida in a First Amendment suit brought by the Disney Company concerning its autonomous regulatory authority over its Disney World property; the Commonwealth of Virginia in a suit seeking to enjoin the removal of noncitizens from its voter rolls; 38 members of the Duke Lacrosse team falsely accused of rape by officials of Duke University and the City of Durham; Harper Lee in a copyright dispute with the heirs of Gregory Peck; high-ranking former government officials such as former Attorneys General John Ashcroft, Jeff Sessions, and William Barr, and Ambassador John Bolton; several Governors and United States Senators; over 100 Members of Congress; and many state, territorial, and local government bodies and officials. He has also represented and advised government officials and public figures in connection with sensitive private issues that needed to be, and were, resolved discreetly without becoming matters of public record.
In 1998 Chief Justice Rehnquist appointed Mr. Cooper to the Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure of the Judicial Conference of the United States, where he served for three terms. He also served as a Public Member, appointed by President George H.W. Bush, of the National Commission on Judicial Discipline and Removal. He is a member of numerous professional associations, including the American Law Institute (since 1993) and the American Academy of Appellate Lawyers (since 1996). He is also an active member of the Federalist Society and the Republican National Lawyers Association, which in 2010 named him Republican Lawyer of the Year and in 2016 honored him with its Edwin Meese III Award.
Mr. Cooper has published scores of articles and spoken extensively on constitutional and legal policy topics. He has appeared before congressional committees on 26 occasions, testifying as an expert on a wide variety of legal issues, including the Chevron doctrine of judicial deference to administrative agencies, the diversity of citizenship jurisdiction of federal courts, statehood bills for Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, and the impeachment of President Clinton.
Vice President & Senior Counsel, Becket
Luke Goodrich is the author of Free to Believe: The Battle over Religious Liberty in America and vice president and senior counsel at the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty.
While at Becket, Luke has argued and won precedent-setting cases in the Third, Fifth, Seventh, Ninth, and Eleventh Circuits, and has helped Becket win four major Supreme Court cases in the last seven years: including victories for the Little Sisters of the Poor and Hobby Lobby against the contraception mandate, a victory for a Muslim prisoner under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, and a unanimous victory in the Supreme Court’s first decision ever on the ministerial exception, which The Wall Street Journal called one of “the most important religious liberty cases in a half century.”
He frequently discusses religious freedom on networks such as CNN, Fox News, ABC, and NPR, and in publications like the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and New York Times magazine. He also serves as an adjunct professor at the University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law, where he teaches constitutional law.
Before joining Becket, he clerked for Judge Michael W. McConnell on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit and graduated from the University of Chicago Law School with high honors as a member of the Law Review and the Order of the Coif.
Senior Litigation Counsel, New Civil Liberties Alliance
Peggy Little, Senior Counsel at New Civil Liberties Alliance, a new public interest law firm challenging the administrative state founded in 2017 by Professor Philip Hamburger, has over three decades of experience as a trial and appellate litigator in complex, high-stakes regulatory, mass-tort, class-action, products liability, securities, commercial and civil rights litigation representing individuals and high-profile litigants including Fortune 50 companies, financial institutions, public companies, and universities in state and federal courts, including the United States Supreme Court.
Peggy is a graduate of Yale College and Yale Law School, where she was awarded the Potter Stewart Prize. She was a law clerk to the Hon. Ralph K. Winter on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Prior to starting her own trial and appellate law firm in 1997, where she was appellate consulting counsel to the New Haven firefighters in Ricci v.DeStefano, a landmark 2009 United States Supreme Court decision, Peggy was a partner at Tyler, Cooper & Alcorn in New Haven, Connecticut. From 2004 to early 2018, Peggy directed, part-time, the Federalist Society Pro Bono Center.
Peggy has participated in many national conferences and symposia addressing issues of current importance in constitutional law – specifically state and federal constitutional questions regarding the separation of powers and the first amendment – and regularly speaks, blogs and publishes on the topic of the unconstitutional exercise of governmental power. In May of 2017, she presented her paper, Pirates at the Parchment Gates, to a conference of state and federal judges at the Law and Economics Center at the Antonin Scalia Law School. Her work has been published by law reviews, legal publications, the Federalist Society, the Wall Street Journal, Law and Liberty and the Manhattan Institute.
Recent publications include: How the SEC silences its critics, The SEC should listen to Sen. Cotton, Lucia v. SEC, Opening Salvos in the Opioid Litigation Wars, Straight Dope on the Opioid Crisis
Senior Fellow, Stand Together Trust
Vikrant Reddy is a senior fellow at Stand Together Trust, specializing in the area of criminal justice reform. Reddy previously served as a senior policy analyst at the Texas Public Policy Foundation (TPPF), where he managed the launch of TPPF’s national Right on Crime initiative in 2010. He has worked as a research assistant at the Cato Institute, as a judicial clerk to the Hon. Gina M. Benavides in Texas, and as an attorney in private practice. He is a member of the State Bar of Texas, and he serves on the Executive Committee of the Criminal Law Practice Group of the Federalist Society. He is also an appointee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Texas State Advisory Committee.
Reddy’s research and scholarly opinions have appeared in a range of national media outlets, including USA Today, National Review, The Federalist, and others.
Reddy earned his law degree from the Southern Methodist University School of Law. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Austin.
Litigation Update: BLinC v. U Iowa and the Future of CLS v. Martinez
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Last week a federal judge issued a ruling for Business Leaders in Christ (“BLinC”), a...
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Birmingham, ALThe American Legion v. American Humanist Association [SCOTUSbrief]
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Gwendolyn Smith, Matthew Feeney, Pete Clarke
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The Tenacity of Transformation Theory, and Why Constitutional History Deserves Better
Stephen B. Presser
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Criminal Law & Procedure Practice Group
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