Law Clerk, U.S. Court of Appeals
Nicholas Gadola Holmes graduated summa cum laude from Michigan Law School in 2024. He received the school's Henry M. Bates Memorial Scholarship Award and 1908 Memorial Scholarship Award. Nicholas was a co-chair of the speaker committee and a member of the executive board for Michigan's Federalist Society chapter. He currently serves as a law clerk on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, and following that, will clerk on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Nicholas attended the University of Notre Dame for undergrad, where he graduated with a degree in history & political science.
Vice President for Legal Affairs, Mackinac Center for Public Policy
Patrick Wright is Vice President for Legal Affairs at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, where he directs the Mackinac Center Legal Foundation. He joined the Center in June 2005 after serving for three years as a Michigan Supreme Court commissioner, a post in which he made recommendations to the court concerning which state appeals court cases it should hear.
Prior to that, Wright spent four years as an assistant attorney general for the State of Michigan, where he gained significant litigation and appellate advocacy experience. He joined the state Attorney General’s Office after one year as a policy advisor in the Senate Majority Policy Office of the Michigan Senate. Wright also spent two years as a law clerk to Hon. H. Russell Holland, a United States district court judge in Alaska.
Wright received his law degree at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. He graduated with honors in 1994. He received his undergraduate degree in political science from the University of Michigan in 1990. In 2025, he was the first public interest attorney to receive the Federalist Society Michigan Lawyers Chapter Grano Award.
Aside from directly representing clients, Wright has filed numerous amicus briefs, including many to the United States Supreme Court. In 2018, the Supreme Court cited his brief on behalf of the Center in the Janus v. AFSCME decision. In addition to being featured in many state publications, he has been published nationally in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and The Hill. He has appeared on the Sean Hannity Show and was interviewed by Shepard Smith on Fox News.
Wright lives in Midland, Mich., with his wife and sons.
Partner, Neilson Law Group P.C.
C. Thomas Ludden is the head of the Appellate Practice group at Lipson Neilson P.C. He has appeared before the United States Supreme Court, the Michigan Supreme Court, the Sixth and Ninth Circuit Courts of Appeal and the Michigan Court of Appeals. Mr. Ludden is a 1990 graduate of the University of Michigan (J.D./M.B.A) and a 1986 graduate of Dickinson College (B.A.) where he majored in Latin, Ancient Greek and Economics.
Professor of Law, University of San Diego School of Law (Retired)
Gail Heriot is a recently retired law professor from the University of San Diego. She also served as a member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 2007 to 2025. She is also the chairman of the board of the American Civil Rights Project and the chair emerita of the Civil Rights practice group at the Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy.
Professor Heriot is a prolific writer in the area of civil rights. She is the author of many law review articles. She is also the editor (along with Maimon Schwarzschild) of the 2021 anthology, A Dubious Expediency: How Race Preferences Damage Higher Education. Her upcoming book is entitled, Why We Walk on Eggshell: How Our Civil Rights Laws Helped Bring About the Woke Era—And the Trump Era, Too.
Her writings for a general audience have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, the San Diego Union-Tribune, the National Review and many other newspapers and magazines.
In 1996, she co-chaired the successful “Yes on Proposition 209” campaign, which amended the California Constitution to prohibit state-sponsored discrimination or preferential treatment based on race, sex, color, ethnicity or national origin. In 2020, she co-chaired the “No on Proposition 16” campaign, which successfully prevented Proposition 209’s repeal.
Publius comes from the pen name Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay used when they wrote 85 publicly printed letters now known as the Federalist Papers. Hamilton chose “Publius” as a name that would represent friends of the newly proposed American republic - Publius Valeria Publicola was a Roman general who helped to found the Roman Republic. The Federalist Society continues the tradition of publishing things under the name Publius in celebration of our constitutional roots and recognition that author credit is not always necessary.
Vice President for Legal Affairs, Mackinac Center for Public Policy
Patrick Wright is Vice President for Legal Affairs at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, where he directs the Mackinac Center Legal Foundation. He joined the Center in June 2005 after serving for three years as a Michigan Supreme Court commissioner, a post in which he made recommendations to the court concerning which state appeals court cases it should hear.
Prior to that, Wright spent four years as an assistant attorney general for the State of Michigan, where he gained significant litigation and appellate advocacy experience. He joined the state Attorney General’s Office after one year as a policy advisor in the Senate Majority Policy Office of the Michigan Senate. Wright also spent two years as a law clerk to Hon. H. Russell Holland, a United States district court judge in Alaska.
Wright received his law degree at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. He graduated with honors in 1994. He received his undergraduate degree in political science from the University of Michigan in 1990. In 2025, he was the first public interest attorney to receive the Federalist Society Michigan Lawyers Chapter Grano Award.
Aside from directly representing clients, Wright has filed numerous amicus briefs, including many to the United States Supreme Court. In 2018, the Supreme Court cited his brief on behalf of the Center in the Janus v. AFSCME decision. In addition to being featured in many state publications, he has been published nationally in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and The Hill. He has appeared on the Sean Hannity Show and was interviewed by Shepard Smith on Fox News.
Wright lives in Midland, Mich., with his wife and sons.
Michigan Supreme Court Rules on Distinction Between Rules and Informal Policy Statements
Nicholas Holmes
When does an agency’s action carry the force of law and bind both the...
Challenging Michigan Executive Orders Related to COVID
Patrick J. Wright
The case of Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v. Whitmer concerns the state-law claims (brought...
Challenging Michigan Executive Orders Related to COVID
TeleforumTopics
Docket Watch: Covenant v. State Farm
In 1972, the Michigan Legislature enacted the Michigan no-fault insurance act,[1] which became effective on...
Covenant v. State Farm
C. Thomas Ludden
In 1972, the Michigan Legislature enacted the Michigan no-fault insurance act,[1] which became effective on October...
The Parade of Horribles Lives: Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration, and Immigrant Rights and Fight for Equality By Any Means Necessary
Gail L. Heriot
Note from the Editor: This article is about the U.S. Supreme Court case Schuette v....
Michigan Supreme Court Upholds Voter Photo ID Law
Publius
On July 18, 2007, the Michigan Supreme Court upheld a provision of Michigan election law...