Senior Fellow, Independent Institute
Dr. Stephen P. Halbrook is a Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute. He has taught legal and political philosophy at George Mason University, Howard University, and Tuskegee Institute, and he received his J.D. from the Georgetown University Law Center and Ph.D. in social philosophy from Florida State University.
The winner of three cases before the U.S. Supreme Court (Printz v. United States, United States v. Thompson/Center Arms Company, and Castillo v. United States), he has testified before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution, Subcommittee on Crime of the House Judiciary Committee, Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, and House Committee on the District of Columbia.
A contributor to numerous scholarly volumes, he is the author of the books, Gun Control in Nazi-Occupied France: Tyranny and Resistance; Gun Control in the Third Reich: Disarming the Jews and “Enemies of the State”; The Founders’ Second Amendment: Origins of the Right to Bear Arms; That Every Man Be Armed: Evolution of a Constitutional Right; A Right to Bear Arms; Firearms Law Deskbook: Federal and State Criminal Practice; Securing Civil Rights: Freedmen, the Fourteenth Amendment, and the Right to Bear Arms; State and Federal Bills of Rights and Constitutional Guarantees; and Target Switzerland: Swiss Armed Neutrality in World War II. Dr. Halbrook’s scholarly articles have appeared in such journals as the Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, Drug Law Report, George Mason University Law Review, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Journal of Law and Policy, Law & Contemporary Problems, National Law Journal, Northern Kentucky Law Review, St. John’s Journal of Legal Commentary; Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal, Tennessee Law Review, University of Dayton Law Review, Valparaiso University Law Review, Vermont Law Review, and William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal.
Dr. Halbrook's popular articles have appeared in such publications as the Wall Street Journal, Newsday, San Francisco Chronicle, National Review, Investor’s Business Daily, Kansas City Star, Washington Examiner, Shreveport Times, Sacramento Bee, Providence Journal, Tampa Tribune, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, History News Network, San Antonio Express-News, The Daily Caller, Detroit News, Honolulu Star Advertiser, Birmingham News, Environmental Forum, USA Today, and Washington Times. He has also appeared on numerous national TV/radio programs on CNN, Fox News Channel, Fox Business Network, Court TV, NewsMax TV, CBN, Voice of America, and C-SPAN.
Solicitor General, Alabama Office of the Attorney General
As Solicitor General, Barrett Bowdre serves as Alabama’s chief appellate lawyer, overseeing the state’s cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, the Alabama Supreme Court, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. His duties include defending Alabama’s interests in courts across the nation and collaborating with other state attorneys general on matters affecting the rule of law.
Before joining the Attorney General’s Office, Bowdre clerked for Judge Paul J. Kelly, Jr. of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; then-Chief Judge W. Keith Watkins of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama; and then-Chief Judge Ed Carnes of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
He earned his Juris Doctor, summa cum laude, from the University of Alabama School of Law, and his Bachelor of Arts, cum laude, from Furman University. Prior to law school, Bowdre worked as a research assistant at the American Enterprise Institute, contributing to civic education projects and literary anthologies exploring American values.
Sean Collins is a member of the University of Alabama School of Law class of 2024. After graduation, he will serve as a law clerk to Judge Allen Winsor of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida, then as a law clerk to Judge Robert Luck of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. Before attending law school, he graduated magna cum laude from Hillsdale College, where he studied Classics, Philosophy, and Religion and was a member of one of the only undergraduate Federalist Society chapters in the country.
Attorney, DJ Chapman Law, P.C.
David Chapman is a solo lawyer with DJ Chapman Law, P.C., in Fargo, ND, and is a 1995 graduate of the University of North Dakota School of Law. He previously practiced with two private firms in Fargo, and served as in-house General Counsel for Global Electric Motorcars, LLC, when that company was a subsidiary of what was previously DaimlerChrysler Corporation. David has taught continuing legal education courses on immigration law as well as attorney ethics and professional responsibility, and he has authored articles and materials on immigration law and attorney ethics. David has also appeared as a guest on radio and television to discuss legal and policy issues. He currently serves as a member of the US Commission on Civil Rights and a past member of the North Dakota State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. He and his wife live in West Fargo with their son.
Associate Attorney, Flynn & Associates, PLLC
Ashli is an associate attorney at Flynn & Associates, PLLC in Seattle, Washington. Her practice focuses on real estate transactions and trust and estate disputes.
Ashli is a 2021 graduate of Seattle University School of Law, and a 2015 graduate of Boston University’s Frederic S. Pardee School of Global Studies where she double majored in International Relations and Political Science.
When COVID-19 shut down Washington State in March 2020, and domestic violence cases increased as a result, she became one of the founding legal interns in Seattle University’s Domestic Violence Pop-Up Clinic. As an intern, with the mentorship of volunteer family law attorneys in Seattle, she assisted victims of domestic violence in filing for domestic violence protection orders. This assistance included helping victims navigate the remote filing process through a first-of-its-kind online filing platform, Legal Atoms.
Between finishing her undergraduate studies and beginning law school in 2018, she worked her way up through various positions at the Washington State Republican Party. First, as finance assistant. Then, as communications director. And, finally, as finance director.
Senior Attorney, Institute for Justice
Paul Avelar is the Managing Attorney of the Institute for Justice Arizona Office. He joined the Institute in March 2010 and litigates free speech, property rights, economic liberty, school choice and other constitutional cases in federal and state courts.
As the head of IJ’s national Braiding Freedom Initiative, Paul represents natural hair braiders across the country to protect their right to earn an honest living. The Initiative uses lawsuits, activism and research to remove laws that require potential braiders to undergo hundreds of costly training hours just to braid hair. Since IJ launched the Braiding Freedom Initiative in 2014, 12 additional states have freed braiders from unnecessary licensing burdens. Paul drafted the model Natural Hair Braiding Protection Act, which has been adopted in Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Texas and South Dakota. He is currently representing braiders in Missouri, where state laws infringe upon their right to earn an honest living.
In his free speech work, Paul has challenged numerous laws that trample First Amendment rights. In Arizona Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett, he represented candidates and independent groups in a successful U.S. Supreme Court challenge to the “matching funds” provision of Arizona’s publicly financed elections system. He represented grassroots groups and individuals in Arizona, Mississippi and Washington, where state laws burdened their political speech by requiring them to register with the government, to navigate complex regulations and to face fines and possible criminal penalties merely because they talked about political issues. In Washington, Paul protected a lawyer’s right to defend, pro-bono, the First Amendment rights of political speakers. Through litigation and legislation, Paul leads the fight against abusive civil forfeiture laws in Arizona and elsewhere.
Paul also co-authored the most comprehensive published study of economic liberty protections in the Arizona Constitution. The Chief Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court appointed Paul to the Task Force on the Review of the Role and Governance Structure of the State Bar of Arizona, where he dissented from the majority report and called on leaders to substantially reform the Bar and state regulation of the practice of law. He often speaks at law schools across the country about constitutional issues and his work at IJ.
Prior to joining IJ-AZ, Paul worked as an attorney in Philadelphia. He clerked for Judge Roger Miner on the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Justice Andrew Hurwitz on the Arizona Supreme Court, and Judge Daniel Barker on the Arizona Court of Appeals.
Paul graduated manga cum laude from the Arizona State University College of Law in 2004 and was elected to the Order of the Coif. He received his undergraduate degree from Princeton University in 2000.
Senior Counsel, Litigation, Defense of Freedom Institute
Don Daugherty is Senior Counsel, Litigation, at the Defense of Freedom Institute for Policy Studies. He previously served as a Senior Counsel at the Institute for Free Speech and the Wisconsin Institute for Law & Liberty. Before that, he was a partner at three of Wisconsin’s largest firms, with nearly 30 years of trial and appellate litigation experience. He has been consistently recognized as among the “Best Lawyers in America,” as well as Wisconsin’s “Super Lawyers.” He received his B.A. from the University of Virginia and his J.D. from Northwestern University Law School. After law school, he served as a clerk to the Honorable Roger J. Miner of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Don is on the Board of Advisors for the Milwaukee Lawyers’ Chapter of the Federalist Society, and on the Executive Committee of the Federalist Society’s Litigation Practice Group.
UC Foundation Assistant Professor, U.T. Chattanooga
Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Professor Emeritus of Public Policy, Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County
George R. La Noue is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Professor Emeritus of Public Policy at the University of Maryland Baltimore County. He has served as a trial expert in twenty cases involving public procurement preferences. For thirty years, he was Director of the Project on Civil Rights and Public Contracts at UMBC which recently contributed 289 public contracting disparity studies to the Library of Congress. He has been a consultant to nine governments and trial expert in thirty cases where the validity of disparity studies was at issue.
Prof. La Noue can be reached by email at glanoue@umbc.edu.
Text-and-History or Means-End Scrutiny? A Response to Professor Nelson Lund's Critique of Bruen
Stephen P. Halbrook
Professor Nelson Lund’s “Bruen’s Preliminary Preservation of the Second Amendment,” recently published in the Federalist...
State Court Docket Watch: Glass v. City of Montgomery
Barrett Bowdre, Sean Collins
Alabama’s constitution prohibits the legislature from enacting a “local law”—one that applies only in one...
State Court Docket Watch: Smith v. Isakson
David J. Chapman
Docket Watch: Smith v. Isakson The right to a trial by jury has been a...
Topics
From Flagpoles to Football: An Establishment Clause Run Amok
For over fifty years, Establishment Clause jurisprudence has been haunted by the malleable nature of...
Topics
A Case that Could Bring Great Clarity to Religious Jurisprudence
Free Exercise jurisprudence is a complete mess right now. Since Employment Division v. Smith, lower...
State Court Docket Watch: City of Seattle v. Long
Ashli Raye Tagoai
Under Seattle’s Traffic Code, a vehicle may not be parked on a city street for...
State Court Docket Watch: Schires v. Carlat
Paul Avelar
Note from the Editor: Mr. Avelar served on an outside moot panel for the taxpayers’...
Last Hurrah for the Minimalist Court?
Donald A. Daugherty
A review of SCOTUS 2020: Major Decisions and Developments of the U.S. Supreme Court, edited...
How the Founders’ Natural Law Theory Illuminates the Original Meaning of Free Exercise
Kody Cooper
In Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, the Supreme Court will consider whether Philadelphia’s 2018 policy...
Public Contracting Litigation After Croson: Data, Disparities, & Discrimination
George R. La Noue
What causes racial disparities, and what, if anything, can and should be done to remedy...