Facts of the Case
The Adolescent Family Life Act ("AFLA") provided federal funding for organizational services and research in the area of premarital teenage sexuality. Among other requirements, AFLA beneficiaries had to involve religious and governmental agencies in dealing with the problems they faced. Over time, AFLA benefited several organizations with institutional ties to religious denominations. Chan Kendrick, on behalf of several federal taxpayers, clergymen, and the American Jewish Congress, challenged AFLA's constitutionality. On appeal from a ruling favoring Kendrick, the Supreme Court granted Bowen certiorari.
Questions
Do AFLA's provisions, requiring its beneficiaries to involve both religious and governmental organizations in addressing the problems of teenage sexual relations, violate the First Amendment's Establishment Clause?
Conclusions
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No. In a 5-to-4 decision, the Court held that the "advancement of religion" was not AFLA's primary effect. Although it funded religious and other institutions without expressly prohibiting the use of such funds for religious purposes, AFLA required potential recipients to reveal what services they intended to provide and how they would provide them. Thus, the government could protect against the misuse of its funds. At the same time, however, such oversight did not create an "excessive entanglement" between church and state because AFLA merely authorized funding of religiously affiliated, rather than pervasively sectarian, organizations. Finally, the Court remanded the matter to the district court for further determination of whether AFLA violated the establishment clause "as applied."
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Stuart Lark is a partner in the firm's Colorado Springs office. He concentrates on corporate, tax, constitutional and transactional matters for nonprofit organizations. His experience includes joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, tax exempt financing, corporate structure, IRS rulings, private foundations, unrelated trade or business income tax, property and sales tax, international structure and transactions, planned giving, government funding for religious organizations, faith-based employment rights, immigration, church property disputes and other religious liberty issues. He has published articles and given presentations on many of these issues.